Abstract
”Are the Middle Ages Coming Back?” Making a Crosier for the Archbishop of Finland in 1931 — In 1931, Juhani Rinne, the State Archaeologist of Finland, designed a crosier for the Archbishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church modelled on a Medieval staff at Turku Cathedral. It was commissioned by the Minister of Education, Paavo Virkkunen. The crosier was presented to the new Archbishop Lauri Ingman, prompting a public outcry, since bishops’ staves had not been used in Fin-land since the 16th century. Its introduction combined the ecumenical interests of Virkkunen with the antiquarian vision of Rinne.